According to the World Health Organization, breast and cervical cancers are in the top 4 cancers found in women, which lead to death. Marked every year in September, Gynaecologic Cancer Awareness Month aims to raise awareness and provide an opportunity to detect and prevent potential cancers before they become serious.
The most important cancer tests related to gynaecological health, according to the experts include:
Pap Smear
The Pap smear is primarily aimed at detecting cervical cancer, which is one of the most common gynaecological cancers. The procedure involves collecting cells from the cervix, which are then examined under a microscope to determine if there are any abnormalities or early signs of cancerous growth.
Women should start screening at age 21 and continue every three years until age 65, with potential modifications depending on individual risk factors.
HPV Test
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to be one of the leading causes of cervical cancer. While both men and women can contract HPV, it poses a higher risk for women as it often leads to serious health complications such as abnormal cell changes in the cervix. An HPV DNA test can detect high-risk strains of HPV that could develop into cancer if left untreated. It can be done after 25. HPV testing is often performed in conjunction with a Pap smear for women aged 30 and older, or earlier if there are specific risk factors. It helps detect high-risk HPV strains associated with cervical cancer.
Colposcopy
If abnormalities are detected during a Pap smear, a colposcopy may be recommended. It involves examining the cervix using a magnifying device to identify potentially pre-cancerous or cancerous lesions. The timing of a colposcopy depends on the specific findings of the Pap smear and individual risk factors.
Transvaginal Ultrasound
Unlike other gynaecological cancer tests, transvaginal ultrasound helps detect cancers in various organs within the pelvic region, including the ovaries and uterus. By using sound waves to generate images, doctors can visualise potential tumours or abnormal growths that may be indicative of ovarian or uterine cancer. It can be done as suggested by the doctor.
BRCA Genetic Testing
This identifies mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which can increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers.
CA-125 Blood Test
The CA-125 blood test measures the level of a protein called CA-125 in the bloodstream, which tends to increase with some types of ovarian cancers. This test can be done after 30. Source: The Indian Express