1. Fatigue and weakness
When the kidneys don’t function properly, waste builds up in the bloodstream, leading to fatigue and low energy levels. Additionally, poor kidney function can cause anaemia, as the kidneys produce a hormone (erythropoietin) that helps create red blood cells. A lack of oxygen-rich blood circulating in the body can make you feel constantly tired and weak.
2. Changes in urination patterns
A change in urine frequency, colour, or consistency can be an early sign of kidney issues. You may urinate more often, especially at night, or notice foamy, dark, or blood-tinged urine.
3. Swelling in feet, ankles, or hands
The kidneys help remove excess fluids from the body. When they start failing, fluid accumulates in tissues, leading to swelling (oedema), particularly in the legs, ankles, feet, and sometimes the hands and face.
4. Persistent itching and dry skin
Poorly functioning kidneys struggle to remove waste from the blood, causing a buildup of toxins that can lead to persistent itching and dry, irritated skin. Kidney disease can also affect mineral balance, leading to high phosphorus levels that contribute to skin discomfort.
5. Metallic taste and bad breath
When toxins accumulate in the bloodstream due to poor kidney function, it can lead to a condition called uraemia. This often results in a metallic taste in the mouth, bad breath, or even an aversion to certain foods, particularly meats and proteins.
6. Shortness of breath
Kidney dysfunction can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, causing breathlessness. Additionally, anaemia due to reduced red blood cell production can lead to a lack of oxygen, making even mild physical activities feel exhausting.
7. Nausea and vomiting
A buildup of waste products in the body due to poor kidney function can cause nausea and vomiting, especially in later stages. This can lead to appetite loss and unintended weight loss, worsening overall health.